A Review on Newer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and their Uses

Abstract

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) can reversibly or irreversibly block the signaling pathway occurring in the extracellular part of the receptor by inhibiting Tyrosine Kinase (TK) phosphorylation. This review included the drugs that were newly marketed or drugs with newer approved uses after 2015, such as Gefitinib, Osimertinib, Crizotinib, Alectinib, Ibrutinib, Cabozantinib. Brigatinib and Lorlatinib are investigational drugs that have not been approved and have shown promising results in trials for the treatment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) positive metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC). Gefitinib, Osimertinib, Crizotinib, Alectinib were approved for treating NSCLC. Cabozantinib and Lenvatinib were approved for treating renal cell carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma. Ibrutinib was approved for treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, previously treated Mantle cell lymphoma and relapsed or refractory Marginal zone lymphoma. TKI have promising efficacy in treating a wide range of oncologic diseases. Hand-foot-skin reaction are the most common side effect of drugs in this category, however, TKI are found to have relatively fewer side effects compared to other anti cancer drugs.

Keywords

• anaplastic lymphoma kinase
• bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor
• non small cell lung carcinoma
• vascular endothelial growth factor