دراسة تعیین درجة حرارة حرق بعض الأوانی الفخاریة کأساس علمی لتشخیص مظاهرتلفها ( تل آثارالسمارة – عصرماقبل الأسرات - دراسة حالة )

Abstract

Firing temperature degree of some pottery has been determined from Tel al-samara in Dakahlia through their examination and analysis by polarized microscope "PLM", scanning electron microscope SEM,X-ray diffraction XRD and thermal analysis TGA where the search proved that the used clay is Nile clay, the tempers are sand ,burnt straw, grog and limestone powder. The research also proved that the firing atmosphere for the first and second sample was oxidized for presence of hematite" Fe2O3" and diopside" CaMgSi2O6" but for the third sample was reduced by the presence of magnetite" Fe3O4" . The search proved different firing temperature degree of pottery where it was about 850 c5 for the first sample, approximately 745 c5 for the second, and approximately 673 c5 for the third sample, it is confirmed by the loss in the sample weight was almost constant in this temperature range. The research proved a relationship between the firing temperature of pottery samples and their mechanical and physical properties as high firing temperature for the first sample pottery caused containing diopside as a glass phase filling the pores indicating a decrease in its water absorption property and poor porosity. The rate, mechanism deterioration and treatment depend on the properties resulting firing temperature and atmosphere for archaeological pottery.

Keywords

• Firing
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• ThermalAnalysis
• GlassPhases