Heliyon (Oct 2024)
QBD approach for green synthesis of Rutin silver nanoparticles- screening for antioxidant, anticancer and anticlastogenic potential
Abstract
Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside abundant in many plants exhibiting pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Plant biomarkers suffer low bioavailability and solubility that lack clinical effectiveness. The smart nanoparticles conversion addresses this limitation with optimal particle size and targeted drug delivery. The present study involves QbD approach for formulation of Rutin silver nanoparticles and evaluation of antioxidant, anticancer and anticlastogenic potential. QbD experimentation involved particle size and drug release as dependent variables over the silver nitrate concentration, methanol and sonication time as independent variables devising 15 formulations (F1 –F15). F12 formulation was found to be optimized with 126.3 nm average size, stable and dispersible characterized by UV, FTIR, SEM and DLS studies. The calibration curve of Rutin was plotted at 352 nm with linearity (LOD = 0.061 μg/ml and LOQ = 0.187 μg/ml). The invitro drug release studies by USP dissolution apparatus I (Basket type) proved the sustained release characteristics with 97.3 % drug release when compared to the Rutin. The pharmacological screening for potential antioxidant and anticancer activity on G361 and MCF 7 cell line of F12 formulation have shown promising results and also enhanced solubility in water compared to Rutin. Anticalstogenic potential as a function of induced micronuclei frequency was evaluated as a characteristic feature in bone marrow cells obtained from mice. Results indicate pre-treatment with the F12 reduced frequency of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells caused by Cyclophosphamide (CP) significantly. The protective effect of F12 in suppression was demonstrated at both dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Thus the findings suggest the novel Rutin silver nanoparticles as lead drug serving as antioxidant, anticancer and anticlastogenic agent.
