Substituent Effects in Tetrel Bonds Involving Aromatic Silane Derivatives: An ab initio Study

Abstract

In this manuscript substituent effects in several silicon tetrel bonding (TtB) complexes were investigated at the RI-MP2/def2-TZVP level of theory. Particularly, we have analysed how the interaction energy is influenced by the electronic nature of the substituent in both donor and acceptor moieties. To achieve that, several tetrafluorophenyl silane derivatives have been substituted at the meta and para positions by several electron donating and electron withdrawing groups (EDG and EWG, respectively), such as –NH2, –OCH3, –CH3, –H, –CF3 and –CN substituents. As electron donor molecules, we have used a series of hydrogen cyanide derivatives using the same EDGs and EWGs. We have obtained the Hammett’s plots for different combinations of donors and acceptors and in all cases we have obtained good regression plots (interaction energies vs. Hammet’s σ parameter). In addition, we have used the electrostatic potential (ESP) surface analysis as well as the Bader’s theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) and noncovalent interaction plot (NCI plot) techniques to further characterize the TtBs studied herein. Finally, a Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) inspection was carried out, retrieving several structures where halogenated aromatic silanes participate in tetrel bonding interactions, being an additional stabilization force of their supramolecular architectures.

Keywords

• silicon tetrel bonding interactions
• ab initio calculations
• substituent effects
• aromatic silanes