The Conversion of Li₂SnO₃ Li-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors from Pastes Containing LiCl-SnCl₂ Liquid Precursors Using an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet

Abstract

We fabricate lithium tin-based oxide Li2SnO3 on carbon cloth from a gel-state precursor containing LiCl and SnCl2·2H2O using a nitrogen atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). APPJ treatment provides both a high-temperature environment for the conversion of precursor into Li2SnO3 and nitrogen plasma reactive species for electrode surface modification. Here, the best electrochemical performance for the Li2SnO3 Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li–HSCs) is achieved with 480 s of APPJ processing. The areal capacity of the 480 s APPJ-processed Li2SnO3 Li–HSCs reached 46.113 mC/cm2. The results indicate that APPJ is an effective tool for the rapid conversion processing of Li2SnO3 electrodes for Li–HSCs.

Keywords

• atmospheric pressure plasma (APP)
• Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li-HSCs)
• flexible electronics
• lithium tin oxide (Li₂SnO₃)