Expert Consensus Document: Diagnosis for Chronic Constipation with Faecal Retention in the Rectum Using Ultrasonography
Masaru Matsumoto,
Noboru Misawa,
Momoko Tsuda,
Noriaki Manabe,
Takaomi Kessoku,
Nao Tamai,
Atsuo Kawamoto,
Junko Sugama,
Hideko Tanaka,
Mototsugu Kato,
Ken Haruma,
Hiromi Sanada,
Atsushi Nakajima
Affiliations
Masaru Matsumoto
School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, 1-1 Gakuendai, Kahoku 929-1210, Japan
Noboru Misawa
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
Momoko Tsuda
Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara-cho, Hakodate 041-8512, Japan
Noriaki Manabe
Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
Takaomi Kessoku
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
Nao Tamai
Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Atsuo Kawamoto
Division of Ultrasound and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
Junko Sugama
Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
Hideko Tanaka
School of Nursing, College of Nursing and Nutrition, Shukutoku University, 673 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba City 260-8703, Japan
Mototsugu Kato
Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, 18-16 Kawahara-cho, Hakodate 041-8512, Japan
Ken Haruma
Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
Hiromi Sanada
Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Atsushi Nakajima
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder in older adults, and it is very important to manage chronic constipation. However, evaluating these subjective symptoms is extremely difficult in cases where patients are unable to express their symptoms because of a cognitive or physical impairment. Hence, it is necessary to observe the patient’s colonic faecal retention using objective methods. Ultrasonography observation for colonic faecal retention is useful for diagnosing constipation and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. Since there was no standard protocol for interpreting rectal ultrasonography findings, we developed an observation protocol through an expert consensus. We convened a group of experts in the diagnosis and evaluation of chronic constipation and ultrasonography to discuss and review the current literature on this matter. Together, they composed a succinct, evidence-based observation protocol for rectal faecal retention using ultrasonography. We created an observation protocol to enhance the quality and accuracy of diagnosis of chronic constipation, especially rectal constipation. This consensus statement is intended to serve as a guide for physicians, laboratory technicians and nurses who do not specialise in ultrasound or the diagnosis of chronic constipation.
