Review on the modifications of natural and industrial waste CaO based sorbent of calcium looping with enhanced CO2 capture capacity
Nurfanizan Afandi,
M. Satgunam,
Savisha Mahalingam,
Abreeza Manap,
Farrukh Nagi,
Wen Liu,
Rafie Bin Johan,
Ahmet Turan,
Adrian Wei-Yee Tan,
Salmi Yunus
Affiliations
Nurfanizan Afandi
Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
M. Satgunam
Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; UNITEN R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore; Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey; Smart Manufacturing and Systems Research Group (SMSRG), University of Southampton Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79100, Malaysia; Materials Engineering and Testing Group, TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, No. 1 Lorong Ayer Itam, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
Savisha Mahalingam
Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abreeza Manap
Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Farrukh Nagi
UNITEN R&D Sdn Bhd, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Wen Liu
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
Rafie Bin Johan
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
Ahmet Turan
Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
Adrian Wei-Yee Tan
Smart Manufacturing and Systems Research Group (SMSRG), University of Southampton Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79100, Malaysia
Salmi Yunus
Materials Engineering and Testing Group, TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, No. 1 Lorong Ayer Itam, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
The calcium looping cycle (CaL) possesses outstanding CO2 capture capacity for future carbon-capturing technologies that utilise CaO sorbents to capture the CO2 in a looping cycle. However, sorbent degradation and the presence of inert materials stabilise the sorbent, thereby reducing the CO2 capture capacity. Consequently, the CaO sorbent that has degraded must be replenished, increasing the operational cost for industrial use. CaO sorbents have been modified to enhance their CO2 capture capacity and stability. However, various CaO sorbents, including limestone, dolomite, biogenesis calcium waste and industrial waste, exhibit distinct behaviour in response to these modifications. Thus, this work comprehensively reviews the CO2 capture capacity of sorbent improvement based on various CaO sorbents. Furthermore, this study provides an understanding of the effects of CO2 capture capacity based on the properties of the CaO sorbent. The properties of various CaO sorbents, such as surface area, pore volume, particle size and morphology, are influential in exhibiting high CO2 capture capacity. This review provides insights into the future development of CaL technology, particularly for carbon-capturing technologies that focus on the modifications of CaO sorbents and the properties that affect the CO2 capture capacity.
