Different Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Heated Tobacco Product and E-Cigarette Vapour on Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves’ Orbitopathy; a Study by Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing
Janos K. Aranyosi,
Erika Galgoczi,
Annamaria Erdei,
Monika Katko,
Mariann Fodor,
Zoltan Ujhelyi,
Ildiko Bacskay,
Endre V. Nagy,
Bernadett Ujhelyi
Affiliations
Janos K. Aranyosi
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Erika Galgoczi
Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Annamaria Erdei
Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Monika Katko
Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Mariann Fodor
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Zoltan Ujhelyi
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Ildiko Bacskay
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Endre V. Nagy
Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Bernadett Ujhelyi
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Thyroid autoimmunity in Graves’ disease (GD) is accompanied by Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in 40% of the cases. Orbital fibroblasts (OF) play a key role in the pathogenesis and cigarette smoking is a known deteriorating factor. Alongside conventional cigarettes (CC) new alternatives became available for smokers, including heated tobacco products (HTP) and E-cigarettes (ECIG). We aimed to study the cellular effects of smoke extracts (SE) in orbital fibroblasts. Primary OF cultures from GO and NON-GO orbits were exposed to different concentrations of SE (1%, 50%) and the changes were followed using Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing (RT-CES). Untreated GO and NON-GO cells had different maximum cell index (CI) values of 3.3 and 2.79 respectively (p p p p p < 0.0001). The studied SEs exerted different effects. RT-CES is a sensitive technique to detect the effects of very low concentration of SE on fibroblasts.
