The comorbid patients with arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: the role of fosinoprile

Abstract

This article discusses clinicopharmacological niches of fosinopril, one of the most popular ACE inhibitors in daily outpatient practice. The authors cover aspects, where fosinopril has advantages over other ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (sartans) from the point of view of therapy, cardiology and clinical pharmacology. The theses taken as a basis of the article are confirmed by the authors, who named and reviewed the leading clinical trials of fosinopril and its potentially possible combinations with diuretics and calcium channel blockers. The article also covers issues and satellite phenomena of “vascular” comorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease; describes the mechanisms of their development and mutual aggravation; examines the points of administration and the evidence for the efficacy and safety of fosinopril in this cohort of patients. One of the main theses of this article is the importance of organ-protection (-cardio, -nefro, -angio). The main directions and postulates of its implementation are provided using the example of ACE inhibitors.

Keywords

• comorbidity
• arterial hypertension
• chronic heart failure
• chronic kidney disease
• cardioprotection
• nephroprotection
• fosinopril