Short-term effects of single-tree selection cutting on stand structure and tree species composition in Valdivian rainforests of Chile

Abstract

Abstract Background The Valdivian temperate rainforest, one of the world’s 25 biodiversity hotspots, is under a continued process of degradation through mismanagement. An approach to reverse this situation might be the development of uneven-aged silviculture, combining biodiversity conservation and timber production. Methods We examined the short-term effects of single-tree selection cutting on stand structure and tree species (richness, diversity and composition) in the Llancahue Experimental Forest in south-central Chile to quantify changes in comparison with old-growth rainforests of the evergreen forest type. We compared plots with high and low residual basal areas (60 and 40 m2 ha−1) and a control old-growth forest. Results Both cutting regimes achieved a balanced structure with reverse-J diameter distribution, continuous forest cover and sufficient small-sized trees. Compared to the old-growth forest, there were no significant changes in tree species richness and diversity. The only shortcomings detected were significant reductions in diameter and height complexity as assessed by the Gini coefficient, Shannon H′ and standard deviation, with a significantly lower number of large-sized trees (dbh 50 cm+, height 23 m+), especially in the low residual basal area regime. Conclusions We suggest the intentional retention of a certain number of large-sized and emergent trees as strategy for biodiversity conservation. If adjusted accordingly, single-tree selection is a promising approach to retain many old-growth attributes of the Valdivian rainforest in managed stands while providing timber for landowners.

Keywords

• Uneven-aged silviculture
• Old-growth forest attributes
• Biodiversity
• Evergreen forest type
• Sustainable forest management
• Temperate rainforests