Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation
Carlo Maria Barbagallo,
Angelo Baldassare Cefalù,
Antonina Giammanco,
Davide Noto,
Rosalia Caldarella,
Marcello Ciaccio,
Maurizio Rocco Averna,
Emilio Nardi
Affiliations
Carlo Maria Barbagallo
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Angelo Baldassare Cefalù
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Antonina Giammanco
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Davide Noto
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Rosalia Caldarella
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Marcello Ciaccio
Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Maurizio Rocco Averna
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Emilio Nardi
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the kidney having no direct implications for lipoproteins metabolism, advanced CKD dyslipidemia is usually present in patients with CKD, and the frequent lipid and lipoprotein alterations occurring in these patients play a role of primary importance in the development of CVD. Although hypertriglyceridemia is the main disorder, a number of lipoprotein abnormalities occur in these patients. Different enzymes pathways and proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism are impaired in CKD. In addition, treatment of uremia may modify the expression of lipoprotein pattern as well as determine acute changes. In renal transplantation recipients, the main lipid alteration is hypercholesterolemia, while hypertriglyceridemia is less pronounced. In this review we have analyzed lipid and lipoprotein disturbances in CKD and also their relationship with progression of renal disease. Hypolipidemic treatments may also change the natural history of CVD in CKD patients and may represent important strategies in the management of CKD patients.
