A step-by-step neurorehabilitation of common injuries of the musculoskeletal system in the high level athletes

Abstract

Objective: to develop general principles of progressive step neurorehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system in qualified athletes using the example of recovery of common musculoskeletal injuries (soft tissue injuries, soft tissue injuries in the ankle and / or knee joints, nonspecific low back pain syndrome, cervical spine instability, etc.). Materials and methods: the research involved more than 150 representatives of sports activities associated with the art of movement (artistic, rhythmic gymnastics and acrobatics, figure skating and other types of motor activity) aged from 10 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into groups according to gender and age. According to the nature of the musculoskeletal injury of athlete, the groups were divided into subgroups, which were randomly divided into experimental and control. The experimental subgroup received recovery measures according to the concept of progressive step neurorehabilitation, the control subgroup was rehabilitated by traditional methods, without applying the principles of progressive step neurorehabilitation. Researchers used multi-mode computerized robotic diagnostic and treatment complex BIODEX System 4 Pro (USA); electrooptical system of three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis «Qualisys»; radiological methods (ultrasonography, X-ray, Computer tomography, MRI). Results: optimal phases and the timing of neurorehabilitation, the algorithm for routing patients, treatment facilities and methods of diagnostics and recovery of musculoskeletal injuries for each motion level were identified. Shorter terms of recovery to the training level were shown for a level-based organization of rehabilitation in comparison with rehabilitation by the same means and methods, without taking into account the levels of motion synthesis (the gain on the time of full recovery to the training level in the experimental groups was from 20% to 45% depending on the nature of injury, age and level of athletic skill). The maximum effect of progressive step neurorehabilitation was achieved in the rehabilitation of tendon-ligamentous injuries of the musculoskeletal system (saving time of complete recovery reached 35-45%). Conclusions: progressive step neurological rehabilitation allows athletes to recover from musculoskeletal injuries taking into account injury specificity, sport specificity and skill level in a shorter time than the standard methods (outpatient, hospital), without the use of expensive equipment and promptly returns the athlete in a full-fledged training process.

Keywords

• rehabilitation
• neurorehabilitation
• injuries
• musculoskeletal system
• sports medicine
• motion levels