Effect of Smoke Exposure on Gene Expression in Bone Healing around Implants Coated with Nanohydroxyapatite
Felipe Nunes,
Paula Oliveira,
Edmara Bergamo,
Per Kjellin,
Arthur Novaes,
Bruna Ghiraldini,
Fabio Bezerra,
Sergio Scombatti de Souza
Affiliations
Felipe Nunes
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14021-630, SP, Brazil
Paula Oliveira
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University Center of State of Para, Belem 66060-575, PA, Brazil
Edmara Bergamo
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
Per Kjellin
Promimic AB, AstraZeneca BioventureHub, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
Arthur Novaes
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14021-630, SP, Brazil
Bruna Ghiraldini
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14021-630, SP, Brazil
Fabio Bezerra
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14021-630, SP, Brazil
Sergio Scombatti de Souza
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14021-630, SP, Brazil
This study evaluated the effect of smoke exposure on the expression of genes related to bone metabolism in implants coated with nanohydroxyapatite (NHA). A total of 36 rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 60 days. The animals were allocated into three groups: machined implants (MAC), dual acid-etched implants (DAE), and NHA-coated implants (NHA). Implants were installed in the left tibia of the rats after 30 days of smoke exposure. The implants were retrieved 7 and 30 days after implantation, and the adjacent bone analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction for gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), the RANKL/OPG ratio, osteocalcin (OCN) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). After 7 days, Runx2, OPN and OPG expression demonstrated significantly higher levels for the NHA surface treatment relative to DAE and MAC surfaces. NHA presented the lowest RANKL and RANKL/OPG levels. After 30 days, NHA-coated implants showed significantly higher levels of Runx2, ALP, OPN, OPG, OC, RANKL and RANKL/OPG relative to DAE and MAC implants. The results indicated a greater osteogenic and high osteoclastic activity around NHA implants, in comparison to DAE and MAC implants.
