A nano erythropoiesis stimulating agent for the treatment of anemia and associated disorders
Monojit Das,
Susmita Mondal,
Ria Ghosh,
Pritam Biswas,
Ziad Moussa,
Soumendra Darbar,
Saleh A. Ahmed,
Anjan Kumar Das,
Siddhartha Sankar Bhattacharya,
Debasish Pal,
Asim Kumar Mallick,
Prantar Chakrabarti,
Jayanta Kumar Kundu,
Aniruddha Adhikari,
Samir Kumar Pal
Affiliations
Monojit Das
Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Rangamati, Midnapore 721102, India; Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah 711315, India
Susmita Mondal
Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
Ria Ghosh
Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
Pritam Biswas
Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, India
Ziad Moussa
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Soumendra Darbar
Research and Development Division, Dey’s Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd, 62, Bondel Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata 700019, India
Saleh A. Ahmed
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
Anjan Kumar Das
Department of Pathology, Coochbehar Government Medical College and Hospital, Kotwali, Coochbehar 736101, India
Siddhartha Sankar Bhattacharya
Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah 711315, India
Debasish Pal
Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah 711315, India
Asim Kumar Mallick
Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 700014, India
Prantar Chakrabarti
Department of Hematology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata 700026, India
Jayanta Kumar Kundu
Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Rangamati, Midnapore 721102, India; Corresponding author
Aniruddha Adhikari
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA; Corresponding author
Samir Kumar Pal
Department of Zoology, Uluberia College, University of Calcutta, Uluberia, Howrah 711315, India; Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India; Corresponding author
Summary: The usual treatment for anemia and especially for anemia of inflammation (also called anemia of chronic disease) is supportive care with the target of improving the lifestyle of the patients. There is no effective medication to date for proper management. As the inflammation, erythropoiesis, and oxidative stress are the major concerns in this case, it inspired us to use a nano-erythropoietin stimulating agent (nano-ESA) made up of a nano-complex of manganese and citrate (Mn-citrate nano-complex), which has been hypothesized to have excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Single oral dose of the nano-ESA efficiently prevented the onset of anemia as well as led to recovery from anemia in our phenylhydrazine (PHz)-intoxicated C57BL/6J mice model of anemia without any toxicological side effects. These preliminary findings may pave the way for an affordable and safe clinical use of the nano-ESA as a rapid recovery medication of anemia, especially anemia of inflammation.
