Vetiver, <i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> (L.) Nash: Biotechnology, Biorefineries, and the Production of Volatile Phytochemicals
Ian G. C. Barcellos-Silva,
Filipe K. F. dos Santos,
Harsha Kharkwal,
Subhash Chander,
Amit C. Kharkwal,
Rajendra Awasthi,
Neerupma Dhiman,
Bhupesh Sharma,
Giriraj T. Kulkarni,
Harold Larssen,
Jôsy M. L. Silva,
Márcio A. de Souza,
William N. Setzer,
Valdir F. Veiga-Junior
Affiliations
Ian G. C. Barcellos-Silva
Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Filipe K. F. dos Santos
Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Harsha Kharkwal
Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
Subhash Chander
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity Education Valley, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Gurgaon 122412, India
Amit C. Kharkwal
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
Rajendra Awasthi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
Neerupma Dhiman
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
Bhupesh Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram 122003, Haryana, India
Giriraj T. Kulkarni
School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
Harold Larssen
International University of Applied Sciences, D-99084 Berlin, Germany
Jôsy M. L. Silva
Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Márcio A. de Souza
Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
William N. Setzer
Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
Valdir F. Veiga-Junior
Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
This current review study covers the applications of vetiver essential oil (VEO) in phytoremediation, emphasizing its remedial capabilities in the cleaning of environmental pollutants like pesticides, fertilizers, fungicides, herbicides, heavy metals, dyes, and other industrial wastes such as chemical, mining, pharmaceutical, and other radioactive wastes. The review also emphasizes the pharmacological potential of vetiver essential oil for different applications, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, antihyperglycemic, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective uses. The commercial potential of vetiver essential oil in diverse sectors, including global perspectives, is also illustrated along with demand scenarios in different sectors like food, beverage, fragrance, cosmetic and aromatherapy, hygiene, and pharmaceutical sectors. The main constituents of vetiver oil, their relative proportion, and the key findings of pharmacological studies performed using VEOs or their constituents are also summarized in this review article, with special emphasis on activity against phytopathogens.
