Association of vitamin D status and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
Mostafa Qorbani,
Motahar Heidari-Beni,
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed,
Gita Shafiee,
Farid Goodarzi,
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh,
Majid Khademian,
Nami Mohammadian Khonsari,
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,
Hamid Asayesh,
Mohammad Jabbari,
Ramin Heshmat,
Mehdi Ebrahimi,
Roya Kelishadi
Affiliations
Mostafa Qorbani
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Motahar Heidari-Beni
Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Gita Shafiee
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Farid Goodarzi
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Majid Khademian
Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Nami Mohammadian Khonsari
Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Hamid Asayesh
Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Jabbari
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ramin Heshmat
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mehdi Ebrahimi
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Roya Kelishadi
Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) starts from early life and is one of the important underlying factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Controversial evidence exists on the role of vitamin D deficiency in increasing the risk of pediatric MetS. Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D level with MetS and its components in children and adolescents. Methods This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed as part of a surveillance program in Iran. Participants were 2596 students, aged 7 to 18 years, living in 30 provinces. In addition to filling questionnaires, a physical examination was conducted, and blood samples were collected. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using the direct competitive immunoassay chemiluminescence method. Results 2596 students with a mean age of 12.2 y (55.1% boys) were recruited. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in participants was 10.6% (n = 276), and 60.5% (n = 1570), respectively. The prevalence of MetS was higher in the vitamin D deficient group. Students with deficient vitamin D levels had higher odds of MetS (OR: 4.25, 95%CI: 2.26–7.98), abdominal obesity (OR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.61–3.12), low HDL-C (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.18–2.30) and high fasting blood sugar (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.43–4.57) in comparison to those with sufficient level of vitamin D. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased odds of MetS and its components in the Iranian pediatric population. These findings underscore the importance of prevention and control of vitamin D deficiency in preventative programs against NCDs.
