Overview of acute diarrheal disease at the dawn of the 21st century: The case of Mexico

Abstract

Objective. To provide an overview of morbidity and mor­tality due to acute diarrheal disease in Mexico in order to understand its magnitude, distribution, and evolution from 2000 to 2016. Materials and methods. We carried out a longitudinal ecological study with secondary sources of information. We used data from epidemiological surveillance, health services, and vital statistics. We calculated and mapped measures of utilization of health services rates and mortal­ity due to diarrheal diseases. Results. Diarrhea morbidity decreased by 42.1% across the period. However, emergency department attendances increased by 50.7% in the Ministry of Health. The hospitalization rate and mortality among the gen­eral population decreased by 37.6 and 39.7%, respectively, and the infant mortality rate decreased by 72.3% among children under five years of age. Chiapas and Oaxaca had the highest mortality among the states of Mexico. Conclusions. Cases of diarrhea, including rotavirus, have decreased in Mexico. However, in 2016, 3.4 per 100 000 people died due to diar­rhea, which could have been avoided with health promotion.

Keywords

• diarrhea
• rotavirus
• communicable diseas¬es
• morbidity
• mortality
• spatial analysis
• mexico