Association between periodontitis and hypertension: cross-sectional survey from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015–2016)
Bo Wang,
Chunxiao Wang,
Shuguo Zheng,
Xing Wang,
Yalin Zhan,
Jian Jiao,
Wudi Jing,
Xiping Feng,
Baojun Tai,
Deyu Hu,
Huan-cai Lin,
Xuenan Liu,
Wensheng Rong,
Weijian Wang,
Yan Si,
Huanxin Meng
Affiliations
Bo Wang
Chinese Stomatological Association, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Chunxiao Wang
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Shuguo Zheng
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Xing Wang
Chinese Stomatological Association, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Yalin Zhan
First Clinical Division & Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Jian Jiao
First Clinical Division & Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Wudi Jing
Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Xiping Feng
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People`s Hospital, Shanghai, People`s Republic of China
Baojun Tai
School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People`s Republic of China
Deyu Hu
West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People`s Republic of China
Huan-cai Lin
Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People`s Republic of China
Xuenan Liu
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Wensheng Rong
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Weijian Wang
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Yan Si
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Huanxin Meng
Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, People`s Republic of China
Objectives To evaluate the association between periodontitis severity and hypertension based on Chinese epidemiological data.Design This cross-sectional survey enrolled adults from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015–2016).Setting The data were obtained from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015–2016).Participants The study included individuals aged 35–44 years (n=4409), 55–64 years (n=4568) and 65–74 years (n=4218).Primary and secondary outcome measures Periodontal status, defined on the basis of the 2017 classification scheme, and periodontal parameters (eg, bleeding on probing (BOP)) were compared between individuals with hypertension and individuals with normotension. Smoothed scatterplots were constructed to demonstrate the associations of periodontal parameters and periodontal status with hypertension.Results Severe periodontitis (stages III and IV) was present in 41.4% of individuals with hypertension and 28.0% of individuals with normotension, respectively (p<0.001). The prevalence of severe periodontitis was higher in individuals with hypertension than that in individuals with normotension among participants aged 35–44 years (18.0% vs 10.1%, p<0.001) and 55–64 years (40.2% vs 36.7%, p=0.035), but not in participants aged 65–74 years (46.4% vs 45.1%, p=0.429). Therefore, the difference in periodontal status between individuals with hypertension and individuals with normotension decreased with age. There were higher prevalences of BOP, probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm and PD ≥6 mm in individuals with hypertension than in individuals with normotension (52.1% vs 49.2%, 19.6% vs 14.7% and 1.8% vs 1.1%, respectively). Periodontitis severity and the proportion of teeth with PD ≥4 or ≥6 mm were positively associated with hypertension.Conclusion Periodontitis is associated with hypertension in Chinese adults. Hypertension prevalence increased with periodontitis severity, particularly among young participants. Accordingly, it is necessary to improve the education, awareness of periodontal treatment and preventive management among individuals at risk of hypertension, particularly in the younger population.
