Various Environmentally Friendly Co-extraction Methods of Polysaccharides and Polyphenols from Mangosteen (garcinia Mangostana L.)

Abstract

In this study, various environmentally friendly approaches such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enzyme-ultrasound assisted extraction (EUAE) were investigated to simultaneously separate polysaccharides and polyphenols from mangosteen fruit peels (MPs). The yield of polysaccharides (PSY) and total phenolic content (TPC) were computed to compare the efficiency among methods. The chemical structure through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry of the extracted polysaccharides as well as the antioxidant properties of the phenolic extracts were also determined. The result reveals that EUAE at the optimal condition (enzyme content of 6.6 U/g, enzymatic incubation time of 60 min, pH of 5.0 and ultrasonic duration of 30 min) provided much higher PSY (32.65%) and TPC of (107.8 mg gallic acid/ g of dry weight of sample) than MAE and UAE. The FTIR spectrum of the EUAE polysaccharides were remarkably distinct with those of MAE and UAE ones, indicating the differences in chemistry of the polysaccharides to be extracted. The findings of the study indicate that the polysaccharides and polyphenols from MPs by EUAE treatment can be used as natural ingredients in pharmaceutical and functional food formulations.