Cellulose and Lignin-Derived Scaffold and Their Biological Application in Tissue Engineering, Drug Delivery, and Wound Healing: A Review

Abstract

The goal of tissue engineering is to repair and regenerate diseased and damaged tissues and organs with functionaland biocompatible materials that mimic native and original tissues which leads to maintaining and improvement oftissue function. Lignin and cellulose are the most abundant polymers in nature and have many applications in industry.Moreover, recently the physicochemical behaviors of lignin and cellulose, including biocompatibility, biodegradability,and mechanical properties, have been used in diverse biological applications ranging from drug delivery to tissueengineering. To assess these aims, this review gives an overview and comprehensive knowledge and highlights theorigin and applications of lignin and cellulose-derived scaffolds in different tissue engineering and other biologicalapplications. Finally, the challenges for future development using lignin and cellulose are also included. Plant-basedtissue engineering is a promising technology for progressing areas in biomedicine, regenerative medicine, andnanomedicine, with much research focused on the development of newer material scaffolds with individual specificfeatures to make functional and biocompatible tissues and organs for medical applications.

Keywords

• cellulose
• drug delivery
• lignin
• scaffold
• tissue engineering