Case Reports in Urology (Jan 2023)

Concurrent Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis and Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma

  • Anthony Guglin,
  • Robert Weiss,
  • Adityabikram Singh,
  • Anugya Mittal,
  • Thomas Hwang,
  • Ankit Shah

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6021178
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 2023

Abstract

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A 37-year-old male with a history of chronic nephrolithiasis presented to the ED with gross hematuria, clot retention, and right flank pain. The patient had radiological findings of perinephric stranding, marked hydronephrosis, and marked thinning of the right renal parenchyma on computed tomography (CT), all suggestive of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). The specimen following radical nephrectomy revealed urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a background of XGP but with no evidence of spread to regional lymph nodes. Follow-up imaging revealed hypodense lesions in the liver which demonstrated UC on biopsy. This is the first reported case of a young patient presenting with such an advanced stage of UC in the setting of XGP. It illustrates the link between inflammatory processes of the kidney and malignancy of the upper urinary tract.