Prognostic Factors for in-hospital Complications of Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Foundation: acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation is the main cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide and constitutes a medical emergency. Objective: to evaluate the prognostic factors of in-hospital complications in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Method: an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in the coronary care unit of the Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital in Havana from September 2018 to March 2022. 380 patients were studied. Epidemiological variables, clinical, evolutionary and treatment variables were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors. To define the performance of these factors, discrimination was evaluated with the C statistical package and calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow C test. Results: males predominated (72.9 %), the average age was 62.1 years. High blood pressure prevailed as a risk factor and lower face topography was the most frequent electrocardiographic location. Fibrinolysis was used in 65.8 % of patients and Killip-Kimball class I predominated at the time of admission. Heart failure was the most common complication and 93 % of patients were discharged alive. Multivariate analysis determined that age ≥50 years, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Killip-Kimball functional class ≥ II, previous acute myocardial infarction, and high systolic blood pressure at admission were predictive factors. Conclusions: male sex predominated and arterial hypertension was a risk factor, lower face topography was the most frequent electrocardiographic location, as well as heart failure. Multivariate analysis determined that age ≥50 years, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Killip-Kimball functional class ≥ II, previous acute myocardial infarction, and high systolic blood pressure at admission were predictive factors.

Keywords

• complicaciones
• factores pronósticos
• infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmente st