Вісник НЮУ імені Ярослава Мудрого: Серія: Філософія, філософія права, політологія, соціологія (Dec 2017)
THE MENTAL FOUNDATION OF UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Abstract
The article reveals the specifics of the formation of mental factors of the emergence of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in the early twentieth century. The most important factors and stages in the formation of the then Ukrainian state are reproduced with the help of the historical retrospective method. The purpose of this article is to reveal the political and mental features of the Ukrainian people on the basis of an analysis of the historical form of statehood – the UPR. The draft Constitution of the UPR established the Ukrainian state, the main principles of its functioning were: traditional democracy (which indicates the preservation of the dominant in the political mentality of Ukrainians), the principle of separation of powers, ensuring the rights of national minorities (which indicates the unconditional tolerance of Ukrainians against citizens of other nationalities) and The draft Constitution of the UPR provided for the creation of a parliamentary republic, since the National Assembly (parliament) public policy. Analysis of Ukrainian statehood at the beginning. The withdrawal of the ZUNR from the United Republic was explained “firstly, by the fact that the authorities of the Directorate and its governing bodies were further restricted to the east of Zbruch, and secondly, gradually in the foreground in the relations of the UPR with the ZUNR, with all the evident appearance deep ideological, cultural, psychological and political differences that have accumulated between the East and Galician Ukrainians for centuries. Religious factor played important role. Ukrainian Orthodoxy is under the influence of certain elements of Byzantium, such as the mysticism of aesthetics, cesaropapism, the democratic nature of church bases, and on the other hand, Ukrainian Catholicism, that is, Greek Catholicism, is based on the principles and traditions of the strict preservation of ecclesial independence before secular authorities , democratic selection of personnel, but the preservation of the hierarchical principle in the process of resolving church issues and Western-style rationalism. Church divisions coincide at the beginning of this century with two separate political experiences – authoritarian royal reality and a limited parliamentary monarchy with elections and an underdeveloped party system in Austria-Hungary. Consequently, Ukrainians reached the liberation struggles of 1917–1921 with two separate experiences. Twentieth century allows us to determine some of the main features of the political mentality of Ukrainian: democracy, constitutionalism, egalitarianism, existential individualism, regionalism, and others. The diverse political experience of Western and Eastern Ukrainians, which was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, has a certain echo at the end of the same century, when in the conditions of independent Ukraine we observe noticeable differences in the methods of political action, geopolitical and party-ideological orientation of the Galician and Dnipro.
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