Albumin levels predict mortality in sepsis patients with acute kidney injury undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: a secondary analysis based on a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Background Albumin (ALB) levels are negatively associated with mortality in patients with sepsis. However, among sepsis patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), there has been no similar study on the correlation between ALB levels and mortality alone. This study tested the hypothesis that ALB levels are negatively associated with mortality among such patients. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 794 septic patients who were diagnosed with AKI and underwent CRRT in South Korea. For the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the hypotheses, with adjustments for the pertinent covariables. We also explore the possible nonlinear relationship and conducted sensitivity analyses including subgroup analyses and tests for interactions to investigate the association further. Additionally, ALB was used to construct model and we then compared the performance of ALB with that of APACHE II and SOFA in predicting mortality. Results The ALB level was an independent prognostic factor for death at 28 and 90 days after CRRT initiation (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.90, P = 0.0024 for death at 28 days and HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63–0.86, P < 0.0001 for death at 90 days). A nonlinear association was not identified between ALB levels and the endpoints. Subgroup analyses and tests for interactions indicated that HCO3 and CRP played an interactive role in the association. ROC analysis indicated ALB, SOFA and APACHE-II were separately inadequate for clinical applications. Conclusion A 1 g/dL increase in ALB levels was independently associated with a 25 and 27% decrease in the risk of death at 28 and 90 days, respectively. However, this conclusion needs to be taken with caution as this study has several limitations.