Rheological and Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Quinoa Protein Filmogenic Suspensions with Thyme and Rosemary Essential Oils
Monserrat Escamilla-García,
Raquel A. Ríos-Romo,
Armando Melgarejo-Mancilla,
Mayra Díaz-Ramírez,
Hilda M. Hernández-Hernández,
Aldo Amaro-Reyes,
Prospero Di Pierro,
Carlos Regalado-González
Affiliations
Monserrat Escamilla-García
Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Raquel A. Ríos-Romo
Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Armando Melgarejo-Mancilla
Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Mayra Díaz-Ramírez
Department of Food Science, Division of Biological Sciences and Health, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Lerma Unit, Avenida de las Garzas N°. 10, El Panteón, Lerma de Villada 52005, Mexico
Hilda M. Hernández-Hernández
CONACyT-Center for Research Technological Assistance and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Volinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
Aldo Amaro-Reyes
Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Prospero Di Pierro
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
Carlos Regalado-González
Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
Food packaging faces the negative impact of synthetic materials on the environment, and edible coatings offer one alternative from filmogenic suspensions (FS). In this work, an active edible FS based on chitosan (C) and quinoa protein (QP) cross-linked with transglutaminase was produced. Thyme (T) and rosemary (R) essential oils (EOs) were incorporated as antimicrobial agents. Particle size, Z potential, and rheological parameters were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus (NCIB 8166) and Salmonella sp. (Lignieres 1900) was monitored using atomic force microscopy and image analysis. Results indicate that EOs incorporation into C:QP suspensions did not affect the Z potential, ranging from −46.69 ± 3.19 mV to −46.21 ± 3.83 mV. However, the polydispersity index increased from 0.51 ± 0.07 to 0.80 ± 0.04 in suspensions with EO. The minimum inhibitory concentration of active suspensions against Salmonella sp. was 0.5% (v/v) for thyme and 1% (v/v) for rosemary. Entropy and fractal dimension of the images were used to confirm the antimicrobial effect of EOs, which modified the surface roughness.
