Modular Paradigm for Composites: Modeling Hydrothermal Degradation of Glass Fibers

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced composite materials are often used in structural applications in humid, marine, and offshore environments. Superior mechanical properties are compromised by environmental ageing and hydrolytic degradation. Glass fibers are the most broadly used type of fiber reinforcement to date. However, they are also most severely affected by environmental degradation. The glass fiber degradation rates depend on: (1) glass formulation; (2) environmental factors: pH, T, stress; (3) sizing; (4) matrix polymer; (5) fiber orientation and composite layup. In this short review (communication), seven modules within the Modular Paradigm are reviewed and systematized. These modeling tools, encompassing both trivial and advanced formulas, enable the prediction of the environmental ageing of glass fibers, including the kinetics of mass loss, fiber radius reduction, environmental crack growth and loss of strength. The modeling toolbox is of use for both industry and academia, and the Modular Paradigm could become a valuable tool for such scenarios as lifetime prediction and the accelerated testing of fiber-reinforced composite materials.

Keywords

• glass fibers
• composites
• modular paradigm
• modeling
• environmental ageing
• degradation