The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
Detection of Cosmological 21 cm Emission with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
- The CHIME Collaboration,
- Mandana Amiri,
- Kevin Bandura,
- Tianyue Chen,
- Meiling Deng,
- Matt Dobbs,
- Mateus Fandino,
- Simon Foreman,
- Mark Halpern,
- Alex S. Hill,
- Gary Hinshaw,
- Carolin Höfer,
- Joseph Kania,
- T. L. Landecker,
- Joshua MacEachern,
- Kiyoshi Masui,
- Juan Mena-Parra,
- Nikola Milutinovic,
- Arash Mirhosseini,
- Laura Newburgh,
- Anna Ordog,
- Ue-Li Pen,
- Tristan Pinsonneault-Marotte,
- Ava Polzin,
- Alex Reda,
- Andre Renard,
- J. Richard Shaw,
- Seth R. Siegel,
- Saurabh Singh,
- Keith Vanderlinde,
- Haochen Wang,
- Donald V. Wiebe,
- Dallas Wulf
Affiliations
- The CHIME Collaboration
- Mandana Amiri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Kevin Bandura
- ORCiD
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV, USA
- Tianyue Chen
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA
- Meiling Deng
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]; Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory , Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Matt Dobbs
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mateus Fandino
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]; Department of Physical Sciences, Thompson Rivers University , Kamloops, BC, Canada
- Simon Foreman
- ORCiD
- Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory , Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ, USA
- Mark Halpern
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Alex S. Hill
- ORCiD
- Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory , Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Math, Physics, and Statistics, University of British Columbia-Okanagan , Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Gary Hinshaw
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Carolin Höfer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Joseph Kania
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV, USA
- T. L. Landecker
- ORCiD
- Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory , Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada
- Joshua MacEachern
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Kiyoshi Masui
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA
- Juan Mena-Parra
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
- Nikola Milutinovic
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Arash Mirhosseini
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Laura Newburgh
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
- Anna Ordog
- ORCiD
- Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory , Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Penticton, BC, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Math, Physics, and Statistics, University of British Columbia-Okanagan , Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Ue-Li Pen
- ORCiD
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Waterloo, ON, Canada; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics , Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Tristan Pinsonneault-Marotte
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Ava Polzin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
- Alex Reda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT, USA
- Andre Renard
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
- J. Richard Shaw
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Seth R. Siegel
- ORCiD
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
- Saurabh Singh
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada; Raman Research Institute , Sadashivanagar, Bengaluru, India
- Keith Vanderlinde
- ORCiD
- David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
- Haochen Wang
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA
- Donald V. Wiebe
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada ; [email protected]
- Dallas Wulf
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb13f
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 947,
no. 1
p. 16
Abstract
We present a detection of 21 cm emission from large-scale structure (LSS) between redshift 0.78 and 1.43 made with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. Radio observations acquired over 102 nights are used to construct maps that are foreground filtered and stacked on the angular and spectral locations of luminous red galaxies (LRGs), emission-line galaxies (ELGs), and quasars (QSOs) from the eBOSS clustering catalogs. We find decisive evidence for a detection when stacking on all three tracers of LSS, with the logarithm of the Bayes factor equal to 18.9 (LRG), 10.8 (ELG), and 56.3 (QSO). An alternative frequentist interpretation, based on the likelihood ratio test, yields a detection significance of 7.1 σ (LRG), 5.7 σ (ELG), and 11.1 σ (QSO). These are the first 21 cm intensity mapping measurements made with an interferometer. We constrain the effective clustering amplitude of neutral hydrogen (H i ), defined as ${{ \mathcal A }}_{{\rm{H}}\,{\rm\small{I}}}\equiv {10}^{3}\,{{\rm{\Omega }}}_{{\rm{H}}\,{\rm\small{I}}}\left({b}_{{\rm{H}}\,{\rm\small{I}}}+\langle \,f{\mu }^{2}\rangle \right)$ , where Ω _H _i is the cosmic abundance of H i , b _H _i is the linear bias of H i , and 〈 f μ ^2 〉 = 0.552 encodes the effect of redshift-space distortions at linear order. We find ${{ \mathcal A }}_{{\rm{H}}\,{\rm\small{I}}}={1.51}_{-0.97}^{+3.60}$ for LRGs ( z = 0.84), ${{ \mathcal A }}_{{\rm{H}}\,{\rm\small{I}}}={6.76}_{-3.79}^{+9.04}$ for ELGs ( z = 0.96), and ${{ \mathcal A }}_{{\rm{H}}\,{\rm\small{I}}}={1.68}_{-0.67}^{+1.10}$ for QSOs ( z = 1.20), with constraints limited by modeling uncertainties at nonlinear scales. We are also sensitive to bias in the spectroscopic redshifts of each tracer, and we find a nonzero bias Δ v = − 66 ± 20 km s ^−1 for the QSOs. We split the QSO catalog into three redshift bins and have a decisive detection in each, with the upper bin at z = 1.30 producing the highest-redshift 21 cm intensity mapping measurement thus far.
Keywords
