Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and its association with type-II diabetes mellitus and smoking by using periodontal screening and recording: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Periodontal screening recording (PSR) is considered a quick, reliable, reproducible valuable screening tool for periodontal disease. This study aims to find the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and its association with self-reported diabetic status and smoking history of the patients by using PSR codes over a period of 2 years. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study in a dental hospital in Chandigarh. Data of 10,882 patients comprising self-reported history of smoking (893) and diabetes (725) patients were assessed for the prevalence of periodontal disease by using PSR codes. Pearson Chi-Square test was used for statistical evaluation of PSR codes data. Results: Out of a total of 65,292 sextants assessed, the maximum and minimum reported PSR codes were 2 and 4, respectively. Gingivitis was found to be the most prevalent, followed by periodontitis and periodontal health in the total assessed population (P < 0.001). Mucogingival problems and complete edentulism were found to be more prevalent in posterior sextants in comparison to anterior sextants. Both self-reported smokers and type-II diabetes mellitus patients presented gingivitis as the most common clinical presentation, with the highest prevalence seen in the 55–74-year age group, which also comprised the group with maximum mucogingival problems and edentulism. Conclusion: This study gives an overview of patients' general oral health status and reflects the burden of periodontal disease in the Chandigarh region, thus contributing to the national oral health data.

Keywords

• diabetes
• gingivitis
• periodontal health
• periodontitis
• psr
• smoking