China's application of the One Health approach in addressing public health threats at the human-animal-environment interface: Advances and challenges
Jing-Shu Liu,
Xin-Chen Li,
Qi-Yu Zhang,
Le-Fei Han,
Shang Xia,
Kokouvi Kassegne,
Yong-Zhang Zhu,
Kun Yin,
Qin-Qin Hu,
Le-Shan Xiu,
Xiang-Cheng Wang,
Odel Y. Li,
Min Li,
Zheng-Bin Zhou,
Ke Dong,
Lu He,
Shu-Xun Wang,
Xue-Chen Yang,
Yan Zhang,
Xiao-Kui Guo,
Shi-Zhu Li,
Xiao-Nong Zhou,
Xiao-Xi Zhang
Affiliations
Jing-Shu Liu
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Xin-Chen Li
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Qi-Yu Zhang
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Le-Fei Han
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Shang Xia
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
Kokouvi Kassegne
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Yong-Zhang Zhu
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Kun Yin
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Qin-Qin Hu
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Le-Shan Xiu
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Xiang-Cheng Wang
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Odel Y. Li
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Legislative Research Institute, Shanghai 200003, China
Min Li
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Zheng-Bin Zhou
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
Ke Dong
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Lu He
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Shu-Xun Wang
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Xue-Chen Yang
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Yan Zhang
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Xiao-Kui Guo
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China
Shi-Zhu Li
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Xiao-Nong Zhou
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Xiao-Xi Zhang
School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai 200025, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Background: Due to emerging issues such as global climate change and zoonotic disease pandemics, the One Health approach has gained more attention since the turn of the 21st century. Although One Health thinking has deep roots and early applications in Chinese history, significant gaps exist in China's real-world implementation at the complex interface of the human-animal-environment. Methods: We abstracted the data from the global One Health index study and analysed China's performance in selected fields based on Structure-Process-Outcome model. By comparing China to the Belt & Road and G20 countries, the advances and gaps in China's One Health performance were determined and analysed. Findings: For the selected scientific fields, China generally performs better in ensuring food security and controlling antimicrobial resistance and worse in addressing climate change. Based on the SPO model, the “structure” indicators have the highest proportion (80.00%) of high ranking and the “outcome” indicators have the highest proportion (20.00%) of low ranking. When compared with Belt and Road countries, China scores above the median in almost all indicators (16 out of 18) under the selected scientific fields. When compared with G20 countries, China ranks highest in food security (scores 72.56 and ranks 6th), and lowest in climate change (48.74, 11th). Conclusion: Our results indicate that while China has made significant efforts to enhance the application of the One Health approach in national policies, it still faces challenges in translating policies into practical measures. It is recommended that a holistic One Health action framework be established for China in accordance with diverse social and cultural contexts, with a particular emphasis on overcoming data barriers and mobilizing stakeholders both domestically and globally. Implementation mechanisms, with clarified stakeholder responsibilities and incentives, should be improved along with top-level design.
