Valorization of Biomass-Derived Polymers to Functional Biochar Materials for Supercapacitor Applications via Pyrolysis: Advances and Perspectives
Caiyun Yang,
Hao Wu,
Mengyu Cai,
Yuting Zhou,
Chunyu Guo,
Ying Han,
Lu Zhang
Affiliations
Caiyun Yang
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Hao Wu
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Mengyu Cai
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Yuting Zhou
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Chunyu Guo
Jintong Internet of Things (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
Ying Han
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Lu Zhang
Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Polymers from biomass waste including plant/forest waste, biological industrial process waste, municipal solid waste, algae, and livestock are potential sources for renewable and sustainable resources. Converting biomass-derived polymers to functional biochar materials via pyrolysis is a mature and promising approach as these products can be widely utilized in many areas such as carbon sequestration, power production, environmental remediation, and energy storage. With abundant sources, low cost, and special features, the biochar derived from biological polymeric substances exhibits great potential to be an alternative electrode material of high-performance supercapacitors. To extend this scope of application, synthesis of high-quality biochar will be a key issue. This work systematically reviews the char formation mechanisms and technologies from polymeric substances in biomass waste and introduces energy storage mechanisms of supercapacitors to provide overall insight into the biological polymer-based char material for electrochemical energy storage. Aiming to enhance the capacitance of biochar-derived supercapacitor, recent progress in biochar modification approaches including surface activation, doping, and recombination is also summarized. This review can provide guidance for valorizing biomass waste to functional biochar materials for supercapacitor to meet future needs.
