The Efficacy of Unfocused Extracorporeal Shock Waves for the Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy

Abstract

Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may be a viable non-invasive treatment modality for patients suffering from Achilles Tendinopathy. There seems to be a relationship between the ESWT protocol and patient outcomes. Data suggest that higher energy levels of shock waves together with adequate treatment delivery to the affected area is necessary to achieve favorable outcomes. The aim of this study is present our experience with the use of electrohydraulically produced unfocused extracorporeal shock waves for the treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed, including all patients who had received ESWT for plantar fasciitis heel pain between January 2013 and September 2018. The primary outcomes included change in pain intensity on the visual analog pain scale and patient satisfaction at final follow-up. Pre and post-procedure Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores were also assessed for change. Results: A total of 158 patients (179 heels) were followed-up for a mean duration of 17 +- 6.8 months post ESWT. The mean pre-ESWT pain VAS improved from 7.2 +- 1.4 to 2.3 +- 2.1 (p< 0.001) at final follow-up. The FAOS Symptoms, Pain, Function of Daily Living, Function of Sports and Recreational activities and Quality of Life domains improved from 57.7 +- 12.7 to 79.7 +- 13.6 (p< 0.001), from 35 +- 15.8 to 72.6 +- 22 (p< 0.001), from 43.8 +- 15.3 to 81.4 +- 11 (p< 0.001), from 41.2 +- 21.3 to 66.4 +- 18.3 (p< 0.001) and from 33.9 +- 17.4 to 78 +- 24.4 (p< 0.001), respectively. Overall, 85.4% were satisfied with the procedure at final follow-up. Conclusion: For patients with Achilles tendinopathy, unfocussed extracorporeal shock wave therapy appears to be a safe and viable non-invasive treatment option with a patient satisfaction rate of 85.4% and a 68% reduction in patient reported pain intensity.