Leptospirosis in a patient with cardiac manifestation: A case report study and literature review

Abstract

Key Clinical Message Common cardiac arrhythmias seen in patients with leptospirosis are usually atrial fibrillation or first‐degree atrioventricular block, with bradyarrhythmia being rare in this group. It is essential to prioritize the examination of the patient's medical background, clinical symptoms, and comprehensive physical evaluation in order to promptly identify and address the patient's condition. Abstract Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that is widespread worldwide, has a significant impact on tropical areas and can affect various organs throughout the infection. During the initial stage, symptoms are typically non‐specific. Although cases of all three cardiac layers being affected have been reported, issues with the conduction system are especially significant in the early phase of the disease. The most frequent discoveries in these patients are atrial fibrillation or first‐degree atrioventricular block, with bradyarrhythmia being rare. We describe a 37‐year‐old male farmer who initially sought medical attention for general symptoms that had been deteriorating despite receiving outpatient treatment for 3 days for a presumed diagnosis of influenza. During his initial assessment, he exhibited sinus bradycardia, anemia, leukocytosis, elevated levels of direct and total bilirubin, and abnormal liver function test results. Through thorough history‐taking, physical examination, and laboratory analyses, a diagnosis of leptospirosis was conclusively established for him. Focusing on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and thorough physical assessment is crucial for promptly diagnosing and treating patients. This becomes particularly significant for individuals who exhibit atypical symptoms, exemplified by our patient presenting with nonspecific indications and cardiac issues manifested as bradycardia.

Keywords

• arrhythmia
• bradycardia
• infectious diseases
• leptospirosis