Force Production Patterns of Muscles Surrounding Knee During Running and Cutting Maneuvers: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Approach

Abstract

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the force production patterns of individual muscles surrounding the knee during running (RUN) and cutting (CUT) tasks. METHODS Thirteen women (24.2±3.5 yrs, 162.8±6.0 cm, 55.3±6.2 kg) performed a series of running and cutting tasks. Running and cutting motions were recorded using a motion capture system and ground reaction force (GRF) was recorded using a force plate. Three-dimensional knee angle, ground reaction force, and knee joint moment were calculated using Visual3D software. OpenSim musculoskeletal modeling software was used to calculate the force of individual muscles including the medial hamstring, biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris short head, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, and gastrocnemius lateralis. All data were analyzed for loading response (or weight acceptance), mid-stance, and final push-off periods, respectively and were compared between two tasks. RESULTS At loading response: external rotation angle, medial and vertical GRFs, and valgus moment for the CUT task were greater than those of the RUN task. Compared to the RUN task, the CUT task showed: 1) an increase in lateral hamstring muscle force at weight acceptance, 2) a decrease in hamstring muscle force and an increase in medial vastus muscle force at mid-stance, and 3) an increase in lateral gastrocnemius muscle force at final push-off. CONCLUSIONS Selective force production patterns of muscles surrounding the knee seem to offset the external load caused by the cutting motion. We anticipate that our results will provide basic data for future training programs designed to prevent noncontact knee injuries.

Keywords

• cutting
• individual muscle force
• musculoskeletal modeling
• running
• static optimization