Analysis of the COVID-19 testing parameters and progression of the pandemic at the district level: findings from the ICMR Hundred Million Test (HMT) database during the first wave in India

Abstract

Background: India had the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases globally. We evaluated the progression of the pandemic across the lockdowns and phased reopenings at the district level during the first wave (in India). Methods: For the analysis in this study, we used more than 100 million COVID-19 test results along with other parameters available in the Indian Council of Medical Research database from March 2020 to October 2020. The districts were stratified as high, moderate, and low caseload districts and data analysis was done for each phase of lockdown. Findings: Of the 110.5 million tests included in the analysis, 54.79 million tests were performed using molecular methods, 53.58 million by rapid antigen tests, and 2.13 million using the indigenous TruNat platform. The proportion of positive cases among symptomatic individuals (22.6%) was significantly higher than asymptomatic individuals (8.6%). The tests conducted and proportions of positivity were significantly higher in high caseload districts; 58% of these tests were conducted using molecular methods as opposed to only one-third in low caseload districts. Interpretation: Laboratory parameters, along with other demographic information, can help us better understand the spread of the pandemic in a country. This information can be crucial to formulating and implementing public health policies in future waves of the pandemic.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Pandemic
• RAT
• RT-PCR
• Progression
• Laboratory