Fe3O4@ZrO2-SO3H Nanoparticles: A new magnetically retrievable catalyst for esterification of mono- and dicarboxylic acids

Abstract

In this work preparation of sulfonic acid functionalized magnetite encapsulated zirconia (Fe3O4@ZrO2-SO3H) has been reported. Structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of the magnetically supported catalyst have also been investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (WXRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Hammett acidity function and pH analysis as well as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (SBET). The esterification reaction of various mono- and dicarboxylic acids with different alcohols was chosen to show the nano-catalytic activity. The reaction conditions were optimized and catalyst recovery was also demonstrated. The magnetic catalyst was magnetically separated and reused several times without significant loss of activity.

Keywords

• Fe3O4@ZrO2-supported sulfonic acid
• Magnetic acid catalyst
• heterogeneous catalyst
• Esterification