The British influence on the military, intellectual and political approaches of the jungle movement

Abstract

Although the Jungles had begun their struggle against Tsarist Russia, among the foreign powers, the British had a direct and indirect influence on their military, political, and ideological orientations. This effect, especially after the agreement to leave the jungle conflict with the British military forces in August 1297 AH. It became more noticeable. Because the terms of the Jungle treaty with the British military show that they had accepted a military defeat by Dunsterforce, the jungle was forced to expel German and Ottoman forces from the jungle, leading to an ideological turnaround. It appeared in the body of the movement, because from the summer of 1297 AH. The position of the Islamic Union was weakened, and less than six months later, with the separation of some of the right-wing figures of the movement, the young forest forces became more inclined towards the Bolsheviks. Although the British did not openly cause these developments, they were the result of their presence in Gilan and the pressure of Vosough al-Dawla on the movement. These events left Kuchak Khan alone with the figures he relied on to organize the jungle movement. After these events, the movement inadvertently took a course that was in the interests of the British. The question of the present article is, what measures did the British take to pave the way for the intellectual, political and military weakness of the jungle movement?

Keywords

• junglemovement- england
• - bolsheviks
• - kuchak khan