Achyranthes aspera ameliorates stress induced depression in mice by regulating neuroinflammatory cytokines

Abstract

Background and aim: Achyranthes aspera Linn. (A. aspera) (family: Amaranthaceae) is highly recognized in ethnomedicine and traditional systems of Indian medicine as a nervine restorative for several psychiatric disorders. Study presented here was designed to appraise the antidepressant-like effects of A. aspera in murine model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression. Experimental procedures-: Rodents were exposed to different stressor in unpredictive manner during CUMS protocol once a day for 4 weeks. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with A. aspera extract (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or betaine (20 mg/kg) once daily during day 15–28 of the CUMS protocol. Sucrose preference, motivation and self-care, immobility latency and plasma corticosterone were evaluated after 24 h of last stressor. After behavioral assessments TNF-α, Il-6 and BDNF immunocontent was determined in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Results and conclusion: A. aspera extract as well as betaine improved sucrose preference, increased grooming frequency and latency in splash test and ameliorated depression-like condition in CUMS mice in Porsolt test. A. aspera treatment decreased the elevated plasma corticosterone and reversed the effect of CUMS on TNF-α, Il-6 and BDNF immunocontent in mice. The results of the present study suggest A. aspera as a promising indigenous medicine for stress associated neurobehavioral and comorbid complications.

Keywords

• Achyranthes aspera
• Depression
• Anhedonia
• CUMS
• BDNF
• Neuro-inflammation