Jurnal Manajemen dan Wirausaha (Jan 2006)
DUALISME DALAM SEKTOR MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA: SEBUAH UJI HIPOTESIS DENGAN ANALISIS INPUT-OUTPUT
Abstract
According to standard literature on development economics, development processes may cause dualism. Dualism means that there are huge sectors (or regions) with modern technology as well as small sectors (or regions) with traditional technology. As far as development policies are concerned, the dualism is a disturbing problem. Because dualism reflects inequality and may cause socially ramified impacts. Alleviating tension of dualism implicitly should becomes a goal of policy makers. If we assume that the level of industrial (manufacturing) technology is measured in term of capital-labor ratio, the increases in capital-labor ratio in manufacturing represent an improvement in industrial technological capability. Thus, under the paradigm of dual-industrial growth, the problem Indonesia faces is whether or not the growth of capital-intensive industries exceeds those of labor-intensive ones. So, the central problem sent to this research is: Does dualism within manufacturing sectors exist? By employing the input-output analysis, this research finds Indonesian manufacturing sector can be considered dualistic in its size and export-import structure. There are significant disparity between capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive ones. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Menurut literatur standard ekonomika pembangunan, proses pembangunan ekonomi bisa menyebabkan dualisme. Dualisme berarti ada sektor besar dengan kemampuan modern berdampingan dan tumbuh bersamaan dengan sektor kecil dengan kemampuan tradisional. Dualisme ekonomi ini bisa berdampak sosial sebab ia mencerminkan ketimpangan (inequality). Sehingga secara implisit meredakan tensi dualisme merupakan salah satu tujuan kebijakan ekonomi. Jika dianggap bahwa level kemampuan sektor industri diukur dengan rasio modal per tenaga kerja, maka peningkatan rasio ini mencerminkan peningkatan kapabilitas teknologi sektor industri. Jadi, menurut paradigma dual-industrial growth, masalah yang dihadapi Indonesia adalah: "Adakah dualisme di dalam sektor manufaktur?" Dengan menerapkan analisis input-output, studi ini melihat bahwa sektor manufaktur Indonesia dapat dianggap dualistis dalam hal besarnya dan struktur eskpor-impornya. Di samping itu, adan disparitas yang signifikan antara kelompok industri padat modal dan kelompok industri padat karya. Kata kunci:. dualisme, perubahan struktural, input-output analisis.
