Carbon Monoxide Therapy Using Hybrid Carbon Monoxide-Releasing/Nrf2-Inducing Molecules through a Neuroprotective Lens
Flavia Cavicchioli,
Izzy M. Cesarotti,
Madison Fangman,
Josh Lua,
Raymond Hautamaki,
Sylvain Doré
Affiliations
Flavia Cavicchioli
Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Izzy M. Cesarotti
Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Madison Fangman
Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Josh Lua
Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Raymond Hautamaki
Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Sylvain Doré
Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known for its toxicity. However, in recent decades, new applications for CO as a therapeutic compound have been proposed, and multiple forms of CO therapy have since been developed and studied. Previous research has found that CO has a role as a gasotransmitter and promotes anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, making it an avenue of interest for medicine. Such effects are possible because of the Nrf2/HO1 pathway, which has become a target for therapy development because its activation also leads to CO release. Currently, different forms of treatment involving CO include inhaled CO (iCO), carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), and hybrid carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (HYCOs). In this article, we review the progression of CO studies to develop possible therapies, the possible mechanisms involved in the effects of CO, and the current forms of therapy using CO.
