Dynamic Extraction Time’s Effect on Phytochemical Characterization of Vitex agnus-castus Dry Biomass with Healing Properties and their Activity Against Microorganisms and Ovarian Cancer
Samy Selim,
Yasir S. Alruwaili,
Emad Manni,
Muhammad Atif,
Mohammed S. Almuhayawi,
Mohammed H. Alruhaili,
Mohammed A. Bazuhair,
Eman M. Abdelkareem,
Badriah Saleh Alammari,
Soad K. Al Jaouni
Affiliations
Samy Selim
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Yasir S. Alruwaili
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; Sustainable Development Research and Innovation Center, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
Emad Manni
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Atif
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed H. Alruhaili
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed A. Bazuhair
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Eman M. Abdelkareem
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Badriah Saleh Alammari
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P. O. Box: 90950, Riyadh 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Soad K. Al Jaouni
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Efficacies of plant metabolites are known to be dependent on their extraction methods. Yields and compositions of phytoconstituents in the extract were evaluated following supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Vitex agnus-castus leaves, static extraction times (SET) for 30 min, subsequently dynamic extraction time (DET) for 30 min (condition A) and SET for 0 min followed by DET for 60 min (condition B). The extract exposed to condition B gave an extraction yield of 0.169 g compared to 0.115 g for condition A. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed compounds including cinnamic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, rutin, and caffeic acid, in high concentrations in the extract exposed to condition B. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were more affected by the condition B with 32 ± 0.1, 20 ± 0.2, 32 ± 0.2, 35 ± 0.2, and 40 ± 0.1 mm inhibition zones, respectively. Less MIC and MBC were noticed of the exposed extract to condition B than to condition A against C. albicans and bacteria. The IC50 of the extract exposed to condition B was high against ovarian tumor cells. Presently the efficacy of the exposed extract to condition B for wound healing process was documented.
