Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Using a Behaviour-Based Risk Score among Men Who Have Sex with Men with HIV: Results from a Case–Control Diagnostic Validation Study
Kris Hage,
Marita van de Kerkhof,
Anders Boyd,
Joanne M. Carson,
Astrid M. Newsum,
Amy Matser,
Marc van der Valk,
Kees Brinkman,
Joop E. Arends,
Fanny N. Lauw,
Bart J. A. Rijnders,
Arne van Eeden,
Marianne Martinello,
Gail V. Matthews,
Janke Schinkel,
Maria Prins
Affiliations
Kris Hage
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Marita van de Kerkhof
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Anders Boyd
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Joanne M. Carson
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
Astrid M. Newsum
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amy Matser
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Marc van der Valk
Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Kees Brinkman
Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Joop E. Arends
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
Fanny N. Lauw
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Jan van Goyen, 1075 HN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Bart J. A. Rijnders
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Arne van Eeden
Department of Internal Medicine, DC Klinieken Oud Zuid, 1075 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Marianne Martinello
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
Gail V. Matthews
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
Janke Schinkel
Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC Location, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Maria Prins
Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
We assessed the predictive capacity of the HCV-MOSAIC risk score, originally developed for primary early HCV infection, as a screening tool for HCV reinfection in 103 men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV using data from the MOSAIC cohort, including MSM with HIV/HCV-coinfection who became reinfected (cases, n = 27) or not (controls, n = 76) during follow-up. The overall predictive capacity of the score was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. The effects of covariates on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were assessed using parametric ROC regression. The score cut-off validated for primary early infection (≥2.0) was used, from which the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The AUROC was 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63–0.84). Group sex significantly increased the predictive capacity. Using the validated cut-off, sensitivity was 70.4% (95%CI = 49.8–86.2%) and specificity was 59.2% (95%CI: 47.3–70.4%). External validation from a cohort of 25 cases and 111 controls, all MSM with HIV, resulted in a sensitivity of 44.0% (95%CI = 24.4–65.1) and specificity of 71.2% (95%CI = 61.8–79.4). The HCV-MOSAIC risk score may be useful for identifying individuals at risk of HCV reinfection. In sexual health or HIV-care settings, this score could help guide HCV-RNA testing in MSM with a prior HCV infection.
