Multi-instrumental Analysis of Tissues of Sunflower Plants Treated with Silver(I) Ions – Plants as Bioindicators of Environmental Pollution
Sona Krizkova,
Pavel Ryant,
Olga Krystofova,
Vojtech Adam,
Michaela Galiova,
Miroslava Beklova,
Petr Babula,
Jozef Kaiser,
Karel Novotny,
Jan Novotny,
Miroslav Liska,
Radomir Malina,
Josef Zehnalek,
Jaromir Hubalek,
Ladislav Havel,
Rene Kizek
Affiliations
Sona Krizkova
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Pavel Ryant
Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Olga Krystofova
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Vojtech Adam
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Michaela Galiova
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Miroslava Beklova
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Petr Babula
Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy and University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
Jozef Kaiser
Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, CZ-616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Karel Novotny
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Jan Novotny
Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, CZ-616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Miroslav Liska
Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, CZ-616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Radomir Malina
Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2896/2, CZ-616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Josef Zehnalek
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Jaromir Hubalek
Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Udolni 53, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Ladislav Havel
Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Rene Kizek
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
The aim of this work is to investigate sunflower plants response on stressinduced by silver(I) ions. The sunflower plants were exposed to silver(I) ions (0, 0.1, 0.5,and 1 mM) for 96 h. Primarily we aimed our attention to observation of basic physiologicalparameters. We found that the treated plants embodied growth depression, coloured changes and lack root hairs. Using of autofluorescence of anatomical structures, such aslignified cell walls, it was possible to determine the changes of important shoot and rootstructures, mainly vascular bungles and development of secondary thickening. Thedifferences in vascular bundles organisation, parenchymatic pith development in the rootcentre and the reduction of phloem part of vascular bundles were well observable.Moreover with increasing silver(I) ions concentration the vitality of rhizodermal cellsdeclined; rhizodermal cells early necrosed and were replaced by the cells of exodermis.Further we employed laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for determination of spatialdistribution of silver(I) ions in tissues of the treated plants. The Ag is accumulated mainlyin near-root part of the sample. Moreover basic biochemical indicators of environmentalstress were investigated. The total content of proteins expressively decreased withincreasing silver(I) ions dose and the time of the treatment. As we compare the resultsobtained by protein analysis – the total protein contents in shoot as well as root parts – wecan assume on the transport of the proteins from the roots to shoots. This phenomenon canbe related with the cascade of processes connecting with photosynthesis. The secondbiochemical parameter, which we investigated, was urease activity. If we compared theactivity in treated plants with control, we found out that presence of silver(I) ions markedlyenhanced the activity of urease at all applied doses of this toxic metal. Finally we studiedthe effect of silver(I) ions on activity of urease in in vitro conditions.
