Phospholipids: Pulling Back the Actin Curtain for Granule Delivery to the Immune Synapse

Abstract

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Phosphoinositides, together with the phospholipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, are important components of the plasma membrane acting as second messengers that, with diacylglycerol, regulate a diverse range of signaling events converting extracellular changes into cellular responses. Local changes in their distribution and membrane charge on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane play important roles in immune cell function. Here we discuss their distribution and regulators highlighting the importance of membrane changes across the immune synapse on the cytoskeleton and the impact on the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Keywords

• T cells
• cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
• phospholipids
• phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)
• diacylglycerol (DAG)
• phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)