The Impact of Public Policies on Morbimortality from Bronchial and Lung Neoplasms

Abstract

The article seeks to analyze temporal variations in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lungs in the city of São Paulo, considering interventions and public policies to combat pollution and smoking. The quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study used data from DATASUS, Vigitel Brasil 2021, IBGE and BasePop from INCA. Between 1996 and 2021, there was an increase in the female mortality rate of 7.3 per 100 thousand inhabitants, while the male mortality rate suffered a drop of 2.5 per 100 thousand inhabitants. Despite anti-smoking policies, overall mortality increased by 2.56 per 100,000 inhabitants, while the incidence rate fell by 12.63 per 100,000 inhabitants. Despite public policies related to tobacco control since 1950 and other risk factors such as occupational exposure and air pollution, lung cancer continues to be a significant threat, suggesting the need to review implemented strategies. Furthermore, historically, female smoking shows how social and cultural changes have influenced the increase in consumption among women, pointing to the need for stricter public policies and awareness-raising actions. It is also recognized that the lack of detailed data on risk factors and the effectiveness of implemented measures highlights the complexity of the challenge of reducing the incidence of lung and bronchial cancer.

Keywords

• risk factors
• public policy
• smoking
• lung neoplasms