Zhongguo quanke yixue (Dec 2022)
Trend Analysis of Life Expectancy and Disease Spectrum in Residents of Jing'an District in Shanghai, 2016-2021
Abstract
Background As socioeconomic status and population health develop, death patterns and disease spectrum have changed. The impact of diseases on life expectancy have changed as well. Objective To analyze the change in life expectancy and disease spectrum in residents of Jing'an District in Shanghai from 2016 to 2021. Methods Population data and mortality data of permanent residents in Jing'an District of Shanghai from 2016 to 2021 were collected from the Public Security Bureau of Jing'an District, and the Jing'an District Mortality Surveillance System. The ICD-10 was used to categorize the underlying causes of death. The Abridged Life Tables and Arriaga's decomposition method were used to analyze the impacts of age groups and causes of death on life expectancy. Results The life expectancy of these residents from 2016 to 2021 ranged from 83.68 to 84.40 years, which increased by 0.72 years in 2021 compared with that of 2016. The life expectancy of male residents was 81.47 to 82.15 years, demonstrating an increase of 0.68 years during the period. The life expectancy was 85.95 to 86.74 years for female residents, showing an increase of 0.79 years during the period. The decrease of mortality rate in 65 to 84 age group contributed 83.29% to the increase of the life expectancy (0.60 years) , while the decrease of mortality rate in 15 to 44 age group contributed -17.18% to the increase of the life expectancy (-0.12 years) . The largest contribution to the increase of life expectancy was the mortality reduction in cancer, followed by that in respiratory disease, which contributed 56.20% and 53.55%, respectively. The largest contribution to the decrease of life expectancy was increased mortality due to injuries and poisoning, followed by that due to endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, which contributed -35.69% and -17.25%, respectively. Conclusion The life expectancy of residents in Jing'an District from 2016 to 2021 was 83.68 to 84.40 years, seeing an increase of 0.72 years. The increase of life expectancy was mainly attributed to the decrease of mortality in 65 to 84 age group and the decrease of mortality due to cancer. However, the increase of mortality due to injuries and poisoning had negative contribution.
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