Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Medicinal Plant <i>Hyssopus officinalis</i>
Farkhod Eshboev,
Marina Karakozova,
Jaloliddin Abdurakhmanov,
Khayrulla Bobakulov,
Khayotjon Dolimov,
Akhror Abdurashidov,
Asadali Baymirzaev,
Artyom Makhnyov,
Ekaterina Terenteva,
Sobirdjan Sasmakov,
Galina Piyakina,
Dilfuza Egamberdieva,
Pavel A. Nazarov,
Shakhnoz Azimova
Affiliations
Farkhod Eshboev
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Marina Karakozova
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Jaloliddin Abdurakhmanov
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Khayrulla Bobakulov
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Khayotjon Dolimov
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Akhror Abdurashidov
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Asadali Baymirzaev
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Artyom Makhnyov
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Ekaterina Terenteva
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Sobirdjan Sasmakov
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Galina Piyakina
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
Dilfuza Egamberdieva
“Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
Pavel A. Nazarov
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Shakhnoz Azimova
S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that by 2050, drug-resistant infections could cause up to 10 million deaths annually. Therefore, finding a new generation of antibiotics is crucial. Natural compounds from endophytic fungi are considered a potential source of new-generation antibiotics. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extracts of nine endophytic fungal isolates obtained from Hyssopus officinalis were investigated for bioassay-guided isolation of the natural compounds. An extract of isolate VII showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (30.12 ± 0.20 mm and 35.21 ± 0.20 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.41 ± 0.23 mm and 25.12 ± 0.25 mm) among the tested extracts of isolates. Molecular identification of isolate VII confirmed it as Chaetomium elatum based on sequencing of its ITS genes, and it was discovered that this was the first time C. elatum had been isolated from H. officinalis. This isolate was cultured at a large scale for the isolation and identification of the active compound. Penicillic acid was isolated for the first time from C. elatum and its chemical structure was established by NMR spectroscopy. The penicillic acid showed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with 20.68 mm and 25.51 mm inhibition zones, respectively. In addition, MIC and MBC values and antibiofilm activities of penicillic acid were determined. It was found that penicillic acid reduced the level of biofilms in proportion to antibacterial activity.