<i>Myrciaria jaboticaba</i> Fruit Peel: Bioactive Composition as Determined by Distinct Harvest Seasons and In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity
Roberto de Paula do Nascimento,
Julia Soto Rizzato,
Gabriele Polezi,
Hatim Boughanem,
Non Gwenllian Williams,
Renata Galhardo Borguini,
Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araujo Santiago,
Mario Roberto Marostica Junior,
Lee Parry
Affiliations
Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
Julia Soto Rizzato
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
Gabriele Polezi
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
Hatim Boughanem
Prevention and Early Detection Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
Non Gwenllian Williams
Prevention and Early Detection Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
Renata Galhardo Borguini
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Agroindustria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil
Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araujo Santiago
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Agroindustria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil
Mario Roberto Marostica Junior
Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
Lee Parry
Prevention and Early Detection Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a recognizable and unique crop from Brazil. The fruit’s byproducts are currently being studied, given their bioactive composition and promising anti-cancer potential. It is not evident, however, if different harvesting seasons can modify the chemical profile and antioxidant capacity of jaboticaba fruit fractions. Furthermore, as there is limited data for jaboticaba’s anti-proliferative effects, additional assessments are required to improve the robustness of these findings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the peel of jaboticaba collected in two periods (May—off-season, sample 1—and August–October—peak season, sample 2) and test the peel’s richest anthocyanin sample against colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. To accomplish this, proximate, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analyses were performed in two freeze-dried samples; and anti-proliferative and/or colony-forming assays were carried out in Caco-2, HT29, and HT29-MTX cells. As a result, sample 2 showed the highest levels of polyphenols overall, including flavonoids and anthocyanins. This sample displayed significative higher contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (48%) and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (105%), in addition to a superior antioxidant capacity (23% higher). Sample 1 showed higher amounts of total protein, gallic acid (20% higher), and specific carotenoids. An aqueous extract from sample 2 was tested against CRC, showing anti-proliferative effects for Caco-2 cells at 1 and 2 mg/mL concentrations, with IC50 values of 1.2–1.3 mg/mL. Additionally, the extract was able to inhibit cell colony formation when tested at both low and high concentrations. In conclusion, jaboticaba collected in the main season stands out regarding its polyphenol composition and holds potential against cancer cell growth.
