Upconversion Luminescence from Sol-Gel-Derived Erbium- and Ytterbium-Doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Film Structures and the Target Form
Nikolai V. Gaponenko,
Nikolai I. Staskov,
Larisa V. Sudnik,
Petr A. Vityaz,
Alexei R. Luchanok,
Yuliana D. Karnilava,
Ekaterina I. Lashkovskaya,
Margarita V. Stepikhova,
Artem N. Yablonskiy,
Vadim D. Zhivulko,
Alexander V. Mudryi,
Igor L. Martynov,
Alexander A. Chistyakov,
Nikolai I. Kargin,
Vladimir A. Labunov,
Yuriy V. Radyush,
Eugene B. Chubenko,
Victor Yu. Timoshenko
Affiliations
Nikolai V. Gaponenko
Laboratory of Nanophotonics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Browki Street, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
Nikolai I. Staskov
Department of Physics and Computer Technologies, Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University, 1 Kosmonavtov Street, 212022 Mogilev, Belarus
Larisa V. Sudnik
State Scientific Institution “Powder Metallurgy Institute Named after Academician O. V. Roman”, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 41 Platonova Street, 220005 Minsk, Belarus
Petr A. Vityaz
State Scientific Institution “Powder Metallurgy Institute Named after Academician O. V. Roman”, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 41 Platonova Street, 220005 Minsk, Belarus
Alexei R. Luchanok
State Scientific Institution “Powder Metallurgy Institute Named after Academician O. V. Roman”, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 41 Platonova Street, 220005 Minsk, Belarus
Yuliana D. Karnilava
Laboratory of Nanophotonics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Browki Street, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
Ekaterina I. Lashkovskaya
Laboratory of Nanophotonics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Browki Street, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
Margarita V. Stepikhova
Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-105, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Artem N. Yablonskiy
Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-105, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Vadim D. Zhivulko
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 19 P. Browki Street, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
Alexander V. Mudryi
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 19 P. Browki Street, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
Igor L. Martynov
Institute for Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
Alexander A. Chistyakov
Institute for Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
Nikolai I. Kargin
Institute for Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
Vladimir A. Labunov
Institute for Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
Yuriy V. Radyush
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 19 P. Browki Street, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
Eugene B. Chubenko
Department of Micro-and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Browki Street, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
Victor Yu. Timoshenko
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bld.2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Sol-gel technology has attracted attention in the fabrication of diverse luminescent materials and thin film structures, with forms that range from powders to microcavities. The optical properties of sol-gel-derived structures depend on the sol composition, deposition, and heat treatment conditions, as well as on the film thicknesses and other factors. Investigations on the upconversion luminescence of lanthanides in film structures and materials are also ongoing. In this study, we synthesized three different types of materials and film structures using the same sol, which corresponded to a Ba0.76Er0.04Yb0.20TiO3 xerogel, as follows: (a) the target form, which used the explosive compaction method for sol-gel-derived powder; (b) single-layer spin-on xerogel films annealed at 450 and 800 °C; and (c) microcavities with an undoped SiO2/BaTiO3 Bragg reflector surrounding a Ba0.76Er0.04Yb0.20TiO3 active layer. The BaTiO3:(Er,Yb)/SiO2 microcavity exhibited an enhancement of the upconversion luminescence when compared to the BaTiO3:(Er,Yb) double-layer film fabricated directly on a crystalline silicon substrate. The reflection spectra of the BaTiO3:(Er, Yb)/SiO2 microcavity annealed at 800 °C demonstrated a deviation of the maxima of the reflection within 15% for temperature measurements ranging from 26 to 120 °C. From the analyses of the transmission and reflection spectra, the optical band gap for the indirect optical transition in the single layer of the BaTiO3:(Er,Yb) spin-on film annealed at 450 °C was estimated to be 3.82 eV, while that for the film annealed at 800 °C was approximately 3.87 eV. The optical properties, upconversion luminescence, and potential applications of the BaTiO3:(Er,Yb) sol-gel-derived materials and structures are discussed in this paper.
