Advancing Glaucoma Treatment During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Contemporary Management Strategies and Prospective Therapeutic Developments
Maria Letizia Salvetat,
Mario Damiano Toro,
Francesco Pellegrini,
Paolo Scollo,
Roberta Malaguarnera,
Mutali Musa,
Liliana Mereu,
Daniele Tognetto,
Caterina Gagliano,
Marco Zeppieri
Affiliations
Maria Letizia Salvetat
Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
Mario Damiano Toro
Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Francesco Pellegrini
Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, Via Montereale 24, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
Paolo Scollo
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
Roberta Malaguarnera
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
Mutali Musa
Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
Liliana Mereu
Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Policlinico G. Rodolico, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
Daniele Tognetto
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Caterina Gagliano
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
Marco Zeppieri
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
The management of glaucoma in pregnancy and breastfeeding requires a careful evaluation of treatment choices to guarantee the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. This review explores the intricacies of controlling glaucoma in pregnant and breastfeeding women, including a comprehensive overview of existing glaucoma treatment methods, clinical guidelines, and future therapeutic approaches. The efficacy and safety profiles of traditional treatment approaches, such as topical and systemic medicines and surgical treatments, are evaluated specifically about their use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The significance of personalized treatment programs to achieve a balance between controlling intraocular pressure and ensuring the safety of the fetus and the newborn and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes ophthalmologists, obstetricians, and other healthcare experts are underlined. Non-pharmacological therapies, lifestyle adjustments, and the importance of patient education in the management of glaucoma during pregnancy and the post-partum period are also examined. Advancing our comprehension of and strategy toward glaucoma can reduce the effects of glaucoma on maternal, fetal, and newborn well-being.
