A Modified Rational Method Approach for Calculating First Flush Design Flow Rates to Mitigate Nonpoint Source Pollution from Stormwater Runoff

Abstract

Mitigating nonpoint source pollution from stormwater runoff demands effective strategies for treating the first flush depth. Whether through off-stream storage or pass-through treatment devices, designing diversion structures and filtering materials is critical. This study proposes a streamlined procedure for determining first flush design flow rates, employing the modified rational method and rainfall intensity–duration equations applicable to any U.S. location. The dimensionless solution, which is presented as an equation requiring an iterative calculation for the desired flow rates, is complemented by precision graphs. Examples from the semi-arid Southwestern United States illustrate the methodology’s utility.

Keywords

• stormwater runoff
• water quality
• pollution
• first flush
• modified rational method
• runoff separation